“Nexus Repository Manager 3.23.0 supports OCI media types. This will allow you to use Docker repositories to host and proxy content from tools like Helm3 and Buildah.”
I went and tracked down the Jira issues linked in the release notes you referenced. The title of that Jira ticket is rather vague, but at the time in 2020 “OCI support” meant something different than it likely means today, 3 years later. What was implemented at that time was support for additional media types included in OCI containers. I don’t have a workaround for you for oci:// urls at present.